The Rise of King Ahmose: How He Unified Egypt and Ushered in a New Dynasty

King Ahmose I (sometimes known as Amosis or Aahmes, meaning “Iah (the Moon) is born” was a pharaoh and promoter of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, assorted as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the period in which ancient Egypt achieved the top of its strength. He was a member of the Theban legal house, the son of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and brother of the latest pharaoh of the Seventeenth Dynasty, Kamose.

During the reign of his father or grandpa, Thebes’ revolt against the Hyksos, the governor of Lower Egypt. When he was seven years old, his father was killed, and he was about ten when his brother died of unnamed causes after dominate only three years. King Ahmose, I supposed the throne after the death of his brother, and upon crowning became famous as Nebpehtyre, nb-pḥtj-rꜥ “The Lord of Strength is Ra”.

It Is best known as the period when the Hyksos people of West Asia decided the 15^th Dynasty and ruled from Avaris, which, according to Manetho’s Aegyptiaca, was established by a king by the name of Salitis. The settling of these people may have happened peacefully, although later recounts of Manetho portray the Hyksos “as violent conquerors and oppressors of Egypt”.

The Turin King List from the time of Ramses II still the essential source for understanding the chronology and political history of the Second middle Period, along with studying the typology of scarabs, beetle-shaped amulets mass-produced in Ancient Egypt and often engraved with the names of governor.

Hyksos Rule

 

The period is specially distinguished by the rule of the Hyksos in northern Egypt and, to a lower but significant degree, the power of the Nubians in the south. The only reason the Nubians do not factor more in realized the time is because the Egyptian archives show a continuity in relations with southern lands while the Hyksos were unmatched and were said to have introduced new concepts and ways of life.

The identity of the Hyksos still anonymous. Many theories have been in progress including that they were refugees get away from the Aryan Invasion in Asia.

The Aryan Invasion Theory itself has been discredited and so has this appeal. They were point out to by the Egyptians as ‘Asiatics,’ but this was a term used for anyone beyond the eastern outlines of the country from the Levant to Mesopotamia.

The name most usually used translates as ‘Rulers of Foreign Lands,’ not ‘people of foreign lands,’ and so several scholars have forwarded the claim they were invaders who landed at Avaris, determined a powerful center of power, and then conquered the land as far south as Abydos.

This demand is almost completely based on the writings of the 3^rd-century BCE Egyptian historian Manetho. Manetho’s work has been missed, but he was quoted extensively by later historians inclusive the Jewish-Roman writer Josephus.

Manetho’s version of the Hyksos’ arrival characterizes them as devastating invaders who damage the country:

Manetho’s report, as given in Josephus, was taken as historical truth by scholars and laymen alike for centuries till the archaeological evidence proved it inaccurate.

Excavations at Avaris have revealed a once-flourishing port city whose design is forien and closely parallels architecture and design from the region of Syria and Palestine. No Hyksos stronghold has been existed at Memphis and no list of widespread destruction of the country during the time of the Hyksos.

The theory most vastly agreeable by scholars and Egyptologists today is that the Hyksos arrived at Avaris via overland trade roads from Syria and Palestine, grew successful there in the course of the 12^th and early 13^th dynasties, and established a seat of power once they had the fortune and capacity to do so. There is no proof at all that the Hyksos suppressed Egyptian religion and culture; in effect, they admired and adopted both.

The Ascension of King Ahmose: Restoring Order and Unifying Egypt

 

The Second Intermediate Period (SIP) dates from 1700 to 1550 BC.  It signs a period when old Egypt was divided into smaller dynasties for a second time, between the end of the Middle Kingdom and the beginning of the New Kingdom.

The notion of a Second Intermediate Period in general includes the 13^th over to the 17^th dynasties, however there is no international compact in Egyptology about how to know the period.

King Ahmose I (sometimes known as Amosis or Aahmes, meaning “Iah (the Moon) is born” was a pharaoh and promoter of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, assorted as the first dynasty of the New Kingdom of Egypt, the period in which ancient Egypt achieved the top of its strength. He was a member of the Theban legal house, the son of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and brother of the latest pharaoh of the Seventeenth Dynasty, Kamose.

During the reign of his father or grandpa, Thebes’ revolt against the Hyksos, the governor of Lower Egypt. When he was seven years old, his father was killed, and he was about ten when his brother died of unnamed causes after dominate only three years. King Ahmose, I supposed the throne after the death of his brother, and upon crowning became famous as Nebpehtyre, nb-pḥtj-rꜥ “The Lord of Strength is Ra”.

During his reign, King Ahmose completed the conquest and eruption of the Hyksos from the Nile Delta, repaired Theban base over the whole of Egypt and successfully reasserted Egyptian power in its previously topic territories of Nubia and Canaan.

Then he knows the administration of the country, reopened quarries, mines and trade roads and began large construction projects of a type that had not been enter since the time of the Middle Kingdom. This building program culminated in the structure of the last pyramid built by local Egyptian rulers. King Ahmose’s reign set the foundations for the New Kingdom, under which Egyptian power compass its top. His ruler is usually dated to the mid-16^th century BC.

Conquest of the Hyksos

Hyksos, dynasty of Palestinian origin that judge northern Egypt as the 15^th dynasty. The name Hyksos was applied by the Egyptian historian Manetho, who, according to the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus (flourished 1^st century CE), interrupted the word as “king-shepherds” or “captive shepherds.”

Josephus himself desire to demonstrate the large antiquity of the Jews and thus specific the Hyksos with the Hebrews of the Bible. Hyksos was in truth probably an Egyptian term for “rulers of foreign lands” (heqa-khase), and it almost surely designated the nonnative dynasts rather than a racial group. Modern scholarship has identified most of the Hyksos kings’ names as supreme.

The rise of the Hyksos kings in Egypt was made possible by a flowing of emigrant from Palestine into Egypt first about the 18^th century BCE. The emigrant brings with them new technologies, inclusive the horse and chariot, the compound bow, and improved metal weapons. Most of them settled in the eastern part of the Nile Delta, where they achieved controlling role in trade with western Asia.

Archaeological excavations in that site have detect a Canaanite-style temple, Palestinian-style burials (including horse burials), Palestinian sort of pottery, quantities of their outstanding weapons, and a series of Minoan frescoes that explain stylistic parallels to those of Knossos and Thera. The most-prominent dominion was Avaris (modern Tall al-Dabʿa), a fortified camp over the remnant of a Middle Kingdom town in the northeastern delta. Their chief idol was the Egyptian storm and desert god, Seth, whom they identified with a Syrian storm god, Hadad.

The serious of events that brought the Hyksos kings to power in Lower Egypt is not completely clear. The 13^th and 14^th dynasties, which had remained concurrently in Lower Egypt, weaken and disappeared about the middle of the 17^th century.

Some evidences have suggested that a dearth in the Delta region participate to their reject and opened the way for the development of the Hyksos dynasty. From Avaris the Hyksos 15^th dynasty judgement most of Lower Egypt and the Nile valley as a way south as Cusae (near present-day Asyūṭ). The contemporaneous 16^th-dynasty rulers—minor Hyksos kings who judge in Upper Egypt simultaneously with those of the 15^th dynasty—were maybe vassals of the last group.

When, under Seqenenre and Kamose, the Thebans start to rebel, the Hyksos pharaoh Apopis tried unsuccessfully to make an alliance with the Kush rulers, who had overrun Lower Nubia in the later years of the 13^th dynasty (c. 1650 BC).

Under Kamose judge The Theban revolt spread northward, and about 1521 Avaris fell to his successor, King Ahmose, founder of the 18^th dynasty, just like that ending 108 years of Hyksos rule overhead Egypt.

Though noxious in some Egyptian texts, the Hyksos had ruled as pharaohs and were listed as legal kings in the Turin Papyrus. At least ostensiblre they were Egyptianized, and they did not interfere with Egyptian culture beyond the political sphere.

King Ahmose’s Victory

 

King Ahmose I (1550-1525 B.C.). He was the first king of the 15^th Dynasty.  As a Son of Seqenenre Tao II and younger brother of Kamose, his ancestor on the throne. These two was died in a fight against the Hyksos. He joints to the throne at a very small age. His mother Imhotep I trustee of the throne a few years. He begins a fight against the Hyksos in the 11^th year of his reign and conquered Ávaris, the Hyksos capital city.

The Hyksos’ control was destroyed when King Ahmose chased his enemies into Palestine and there knocked down the Hyksos’ fort of Sharuhen.

After the fall of the fort, he decided to support the borders of Egypt, reconquering Nubia and sealing the Syrian border. He procures several military work against the Cushitic peoples, former supporter of the Hyksos. He decided control until the second waterfall. After this, there was a time of salaam and growth for Egypt.

During King Ahmose reign, start the temples construct and reconstruction projects were began in Thebes and Memphis. He also reopened the limestone quarries in Tura. In Abydos, he requests to build two brick cenotaphs, for his grandma Tetisheri and for himself.

He knows the administration of the country and afford back to the governors their responsibilities in the district. The start of Egypt to the Near East selects the continuity in the import of raw materials and in technical production.

Death and Mummy of King Ahmose

 

King Ahmose mummy discovered in 1881, the cause of death evidence to be natural in origin. No deadly wounds or signs of terrible trauma were discovered on the protected corpse.

However, there is little written proof which could be used to supply a more inclusive picture of Ahmose’s final days. His remains, along with that of his familial successors, were found immediately over the tomb of Hatshepsut, one of the little females to judge as pharaoh of Egypt.

In 1881Ahmose I’s mummy was discovered in the Deir el-Bahri hiding, situated in the hills directly above the Mortuary Temple of Hatshepsut.

The mummy is now in the Luxor Museum beside the purported one of Ramesses I, as part of a continual exhibition called “The Golden Age of the Egyptian Military”