Ancient Temple of Mut: History, Significance, and Architecture

The Arab Republic of Egypt is one of the countries that includes many ancient historical monuments, as it contains ancient temples of great historical value, and among these temples is the Temple of Mut, which is located in Luxor Governorate, where the goddess Mut was one of the most important gods in the ancient Egyptian religion, and many visitors come to this temple from inside and outside to get to know it closely, and we will learn with you today more details about the temple, so follow us.

Where is the Temple of Mut located?

 

The Temple of Mut is located in the city of Luxor, 325 meters south of the Temple of Amun in Karnak on the eastern bank of the Nile River in the city of Luxor, where the Temple of Mut and the Temple of Karnak are connected by the Sphinx Street, and they cover an area of ​​​​about 20 acres, including the temple of King Ramses II and Ramses III.

Who is Mut?

Mut was a local goddess in ancient Egypt and her husband was Amun, the national god of Egypt during the New Kingdom in ancient Egypt, Mut became the queen of the gods and one of the most important members of the Luxor triad alongside Khonsu and Amun, She was called the Lady of Heaven, the Lady of Peace and War, the Creator and the Protector.

Later, she was called the Eye of Ra and her name was associated with Sekhmet, Tefnut, Hathor, Bastet, and Wadjet.

She used to hold a feast in Thebes called the Mut Festival, which she held in her own temple at Lake Ishiro, During the celebration, the ancient Egyptians would sing, dance, drink, and eat, At the entrance on the left side of the temple, you will find a king and two priestesses playing music in front of the gods.

Why was the Mut Temple built?

The Mut Temple was built as a temple where worship was performed and it was a major religious center for the worship of the goddess Mut in ancient times, as they believed that she was the goddess protecting Egypt and the wife of the god Amun and the mother of the god Khonsu at that time.

How was Mut depicted in the Pharaonic temples?

The goddess Mut was depicted in the era of the ancient Egyptians in several forms, as Amenhotep III, Thutmose III, Hatshepsut and Ramses added parts of her to her temple in the Karnak complex, and she was depicted as follows:

• She was depicted in the form of an eagle as if she were a woman carrying eagle wings.
• She was also depicted carrying ankh and wearing the white crown and the red crown.
• Most of the time, she was depicted in the form of a cat, a cow, a lioness, and coconut flesh.

When was the Temple of Mut discovered?

The Napoleonic mission drew a map of the Temple of Mut in 1822, where the temple was described as a great historical landmark for Egypt, and the temple was mentioned by many explorers and travelers in the nineteenth century during their visits to it.

In 1850, the famous archaeologists Auguste Marbet and Gaston Maspero began excavating the Temple of Mut, and in 1860, a small room containing inscriptions of King Taharqa of the 15th Dynasty was discovered by the archaeologist Auguste Marbet.

Between 1895 and 1897, Margaret Benson and Janet Gourlay conducted the first official excavation of the temple, and in 1950, intermittent excavations were carried out at the site of the Temple of Mut under the leadership of the French archaeologist Henri Chevrier, and in 1976, serious excavation work began to study the Temple of Mut and to determine the relationship between all the discoveries at that time, and this stage was initiated by the Brooklyn Museum team.

During 2001, Johns Hopkins University, led by Betsy Bryan, in cooperation with the Brooklyn Museum, excavated the area of ​​the goddess Mut, and in 2015, Dr. Bryan excavated again at the site.

Facts about the Temple of Mut

The Temple of Mut covers an area of ​​20 acres in Karnak in Luxor.

The area of ​​Mut was built using soft bricks and poor sandstone.

There is a lake surrounding the temple on three sides and it was called the sacred lake and it is the best in Egypt.

The design of the temple was mentioned in the tomb of Khabekhnet during the reign of Ramses II.

How to get to the Temple of Mut in the Karnak complex?

The Temple of Mut is reached through the hypostyle hall in the Karnak Temple and through the southern entrance to the hypostyle hall via the road that passes the Temple of Khonsu, then head to the gate of Ptolemy III and then Euergetes I via the Sphinx Street, then turn left and at the end you will find the end of the left road on the right side you will find the entrance to the temple.

Is it possible to visit the Temple of Mut?

Yes, of course it is possible to visit the Temple of Mut, as the temple was opened in Karnak in Luxor in 2014 after a complete restoration that lasted for 40 years, and Hopkins University, in cooperation with the Brooklyn Museum and the American Research Center, prepared and equipped the site for visits.

How much does The Visit to the Mut Temple cost?

When considering visiting the Temple of Mut, you must purchase a separate ticket from the Karnak ticket, The ticket price is as follows:

• Adults remember 50 Egyptian pounds ($2.5).
• As for the ticket for students with valid cards, it is worth 25 pounds ($1.25).
• And for children from 6 to 12 years old, the ticket price is 25 pounds ($1.25).
• As for children under 6 years old, the ticket is free.

Discoveries in the Sanctuary of the Goddess Mut in Karnak

There are many discoveries that have been announced in the Sanctuary of the Goddess Mut in Karnak, the most prominent of which are:

• There is a huge gate that is more than 7 yards wide.
• The Temple of Hatshepsut and Thutmose III was discovered in 1985.
• There are some inscriptions dating back to Ramses II near the second pylon.
• There is a gold-plated threshold from the Church of Khonsu.
• There are 750 diorite statues of the goddess Mut in the form of a woman with the head of a lioness.

• A statue of Pharaoh Amenemhat I was also discovered.

• Along with two colossal Osirian statues.

• There is a statue of King Sheshonq I dating back to the Libyan dynasty.

• There is also a large alabaster stone plaque of Ramesses II commemorating his marriage to a Hittite princess.