The Suez Canal

The Suez Canal, connecting the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, stands as one of the world’s most vital waterways, serving as a crucial artery for global trade. Stretching approximately 193 kilometers within Egyptian territory, it is recognized as the shortest and fastest maritime route linking Europe and Asia. 

Consequently, it significantly reduces travel times compared to navigating around the African continent via the Cape of Good Hope. Inaugurated in 1869 after a decade of dedicated effort, the canal has since undergone numerous expansions and significant developments, most notably the New Suez Canal project, launched in 2015 to enhance its capacity and expedite vessel transit.

The Suez Canal is an artificial waterway located in  Egypt, serving as a link between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It holds immense significance as one of the world’s most important waterways due to its pivotal role in international trade. 

The canal enables ships to traverse the seas without needing to circumnavigate the African continent via the Cape of Good Hope. Officially opened in 1869, it has since played a central role in facilitating global commerce. 

Furthermore, the Suez Canal plays a vital role in supporting the Egyptian economy, serving as one of the country’s most significant sources of national income, while also providing excellent maritime services that contribute to facilitating the flow of international trade, securing its position as one of the world’s most prominent strategic waterways.

The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea in the north with the Red Sea in the south. It extends through the Suez Governorate in the northeastern part of the country, commencing from the city of Port Said on the Mediterranean and reaching the city of Suez on the Red Sea. 

This canal is considered one of the most important waterways in the world, providing a direct and time-saving route for commercial vessels traveling between Europe and Asia.

The Canal of Suez is considered the longest artificial waterway and it connects the Red and Mediterranean Seas, allowing ships coming from Asia to pass to Europe. The Suez Canal has helped to save a significant amount of time, as trips before the construction of the Suez Canal passed through the Cape of Good Hope, going around the entire continent of Africa to reach Europe.

Thus, the Canal of Suez has saved about 15 days of the journey time that was taken when passing through the Cape of Good Hope. The Canal of Suez was one of the most important reasons for the invasion of Egypt, due to its strategic location and its importance in global trade.

This idea existed since the time of the ancient Egyptians. King Senusret III ordered the digging of a canal connecting the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea via the Nile River for the purpose of revitalizing trade. However, this canal was covered with sand. Then, one of the kings and pharaohs known as Necho II re-dug this canal once again.

King Ptolemy II took care of it and restored navigation to it again, but then neglect befell it again during the Byzantine era, and it became unsuitable for navigation.

During the French campaign, Napoleon, who came to Egypt with it, thought of digging a canal connecting the Red and Mediterranean Seas.

The digging of this canal took about 10 years, and work on it began around December 15, 1858, with a capital of about 8 million pounds for this project.

The Suez Canal was opened in a grand ceremony in 1869. This ceremony was attended by many world rulers, led by Khedive Tewfik, the Emperor of Austria, the King of Hungary, the crown prince of Russia, the brother of the King of the Netherlands, the ambassador of Great Britain, Prince Abdelkader El Djezairi, Nubar Pasha, and other world kings at that time.

The invitees attended on board 77 ships, including 50 warships. Khedive Ismail spent about one and a half million pounds on this ceremony.

The Suez Canal stands as one of the most critical waterways globally, possessing significant economic importance, which is evident in the following ways:

• The canal offers a shorter route for vessels traveling between Europe and Asia, contributing to a notable reduction in sea travel times and shipping costs.
• Approximately 8% to 12% of global trade passes through the Suez Canal, making it a vital corridor for the transportation of various goods between East and West.
• Revenue from the Suez Canal represents a crucial source of national income for Egypt through vessel transit fees, with revenues reaching approximately $9.4 billion in the 2022/2023 fiscal year.
• The canal contributes to the creation of numerous job opportunities and the stimulation of economic development in the surrounding areas, benefiting local communities.
• It possesses a modern and sophisticated infrastructure, including guidance stations and integrated logistical services provided to transiting vessels.

The Suez Canal has undergone numerous significant changes and developments since its inauguration in 1869, including several expansion and deepening projects to keep pace with the continuous increase in the volume of global trade.

One of the most prominent historical transformations was the nationalization of the canal in 1956 by President Gamal Abdel Nasser, placing it under full Egyptian sovereignty after having been subject to foreign administration. 

Furthermore, the canal was closed for several years following the 1967 war, before reopening in 1975 after extensive efforts to clear war debris. In the modern era, the New Suez Canal project was launched in 2015, adding a parallel shipping lane spanning 35 kilometers, which contributed to reducing vessel transit times and increasing the canal’s capacity. 

These ongoing expansions have solidified the canal’s position as one of the world’s most important waterways, with a significant proportion of global trade passing through it, thereby enhancing its strategic and economic role on a global scale.

The Suez Canal is not only a vital waterway for global trade, but it is also full of fascinating facts that make it unique, including the following:

• The original concept of linking the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea dates back to the time of the Pharaohs, making it an idea as ancient as the majestic Egyptian pyramids.
• Approximately 12% of global trade passes through the Suez Canal, making it one of the most heavily used waterways worldwide.
• The canal contributes to reducing the distance of sea voyages between Europe and Asia, saving businesses considerable time and operating costs.
• The canal has been the site of numerous significant historical events, including the Suez Crisis in 1956, which had profound implications for the region and the world.
• In 2015, the New Suez Canal was opened, adding a new shipping lane that helps to reduce transit times and increase the canal’s capacity significantly.
• Unlike some other canals, such as the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal does not have locks and operates directly at sea level.
• The canal is protected under international agreements, making it a neutral and safe zone for vessels from all nations.

The Canal of Suez has greatly helped in enhancing the movement of global trade because it contributed to communication between Asia and Europe.

The Suez Canal operates day and night, which has increased the movement of ships and goods, especially since maritime transport is the cheapest means of transport and is used for more than 80% of the volume of global trade.

The Suez Canal Museum is one of the most important giant projects located in the city of Ismailia. The museum was established on an area of about 10,000 meters. Inside it, there are about 99 halls, including six large halls that tell the story of the late Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and some documents and collectibles related to the nationalization of the Canal of Suez Company and making it an Egyptian company.

The museum also contains some digging tools, design maps for the canal, and some photos that document the opening of the canal and how world kings were keen to attend this opening. The museum also includes some antique train carriages.

The Suez Canal area is one of the most important tourist and entertainment areas. One of the most important tourist activities that can be done in the Suez Canal is yacht tourism, as the Egyptian government has greatly developed this tourism and has created a special system for marinas.

There are also some tourist attractions that can be enjoyed on the Suez Canal, the most important of which is the Suez Canal promenade in Port Said, where you can enjoy the picturesque natural scenery while taking some souvenir photos.

There are many tourist places that can be enjoyed in Suez, such as the Suez National Museum, the Hanifa archaeological area, the Ataqa mountain range, and other tourist places.

The Suez Canal region has received great attention from the Egyptian government, as many economic projects have been established to attract foreign investment and enhance services in the region, in addition to the status of the Suez region as a source of green fuel such as green ammonia, green methanol, and green hydrogen.

An economic zone has been established in the Suez Canal since 2015, which includes six seaports and four industrial zones, providing about 100,000 job opportunities for the youth.

The New Canal of Suez is one of the most important Egyptian projects in recent times. Its main goal is to increase the Egyptian national income by expanding the Suez Canal by about 50% of its original size, allowing ships to pass in both directions without waiting inside the canal for passing ships to cross.

This has greatly helped in reducing the transit time of ships, as it has reached 11 hours instead of 18 hours, where ships used to spend time waiting. This has helped in increasing the canal’s capacity, which has helped in increasing the volume of global trade and strengthening the Egyptian national economy. The new project has also helped in reducing the number of bends within the canal, which has raised the safety rates for ships crossing the canal.

Who Owns the Suez Canal?

The Suez Canal is fully owned by Egypt, and it was built by a local Egyptian company, opening in 1869. It is considered one of the most important economic sites in the world, contributing significantly to facilitating the movement of traffic between the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, making it a vital economic key for many countries.

Why is the Suez Canal so important to Egypt?

The Suez Canal is considered one of the most important sources of national income for Egypt, playing a vital role in facilitating global trade. It also provides numerous job opportunities for Egyptians.

It contributes to enhancing economic development in the surrounding areas by providing developed infrastructure and developing diverse investment projects. 

Additionally, it enhances Egypt’s strategic importance in the region and the world, providing a shorter route between Europe and Asia, significantly reducing transport times and costs.

What are the best tourist activities that can be done in the Suez Canal?

You can enjoy a boat tour through the Suez Canal to see the large ships and the areas surrounding the canal. You can also stroll along the Corniche and enjoy the beautiful views of the ships crossing the canal, as well as visit the Suez Canal Museum in the city of Ismailia to learn about the history and importance of the canal.

What are the best times to visit the Suez Canal?

The period between October and April is considered the best time to visit the Suez Canal, as temperatures are moderate and the atmosphere is comfortable, making it an ideal time to stroll and enjoy the beauty of the city and explore its various landmarks.

The weather during these months is pleasant and perfect for sitting on the Corniche and enjoying the refreshing breezes of the Mediterranean Sea.

The Suez Canal remains one of the most important waterways in the world, playing a pivotal role in facilitating international trade and boosting the Egyptian economy. Since its inauguration in 1869 to this day, the canal has undergone significant developments that have enabled it to accommodate the latest mega-ships and keep pace with the demands of global maritime transport.