Abusir Pyramids Complex Necropolis: Magical Journey Through Time

Delve deeper into the Abusir pyramids complex necropolis. Discover ancient secrets within its magnificent pyramids, temples and papyrus. Journey through royal tombs, sophisticated pyramid construction, and profound archaeological discoveries near Cairo.

Abusir  Pyramids Complex Necropolis History

Location and How to Get  Abusir Pyramids Complex Necropolis

Abusir Pyramids Complex Necropolis

Abusir Temple

Abusir Mummies and Tombs

Abusir Pyramids Complex NecropolisFacts

Abusir Pyramids Complex Necropolis History

Abusir is a magnificent archaeological pyramid complex filled with relics of four great pyramids of the kings of the Old Kingdom (2700 – 2200 BC). It is known to be a vital part of the Pyramid Fields of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Memphis and its necropolis.

Abu -Sir is an extremely important archaeological site located about 15 miles southwest of Cairo on the west bank of the Nile. It contains several pyramids from the Fifth Dynasty (2494-2345 BC), the Temple of the Sun, mastaba tombs, and pillar tombs from the Late Period (747-332 BC).

The name “Abu- Sir” is derived from the Egyptian word “Per-Usire” which means “place of worship of the god Osiris” who was the ruler of the land of the dead. It served as the main cemetery for members of the elite who lived there.

In the ancient capital of Memphis, this elite necropolis was filled with numerous massive pyramids and great monuments to both the Fourth and Fifth Dynasty pharaohs who wanted a different place to hold their funerary monuments.

The place Is famous for the discovery of the oldest papyri of the Old Kingdom, which became known as the Abu Sir papyrus. In the late 19th century, many Western museums were known to contain collections and scattered papyri taken from the administrative records of the Abusir funerary cult of Pharaoh Neferirkare Kakai.

In the twentieth century, a Czech expedition uncovered papyri from two other great cult complexes belonging to Pharaoh Neferefre and the mother of King Khentkaus II. Near the ancient city of Busiris there are extensive catacombs, as documented by Pliny.

To the south of Busiris, a large cemetery appears to have extended across the plain. It is worth noting that during the Heptanomite era, Busiris was a small settlement located at one end of the Memphis cemetery.

The Czech Institute of Egyptology, part of the Faculty of Arts at Charles University in Prague, has a long history of conducting excavations at Abusir. Their work on this site dates back to 1960 when they began with the mastaba of Ptahshepses. Since 1976, their concession has expanded to include the southern part of the Royal Cemetery. In 1991, the institute began excavation work in the southern Abusir area.

Location and How to Get  Abusir Pyramids Complex Necropolis

The Magical Land of Abusir, or the House of the Temple of Osiris, is located in the Nile Valley of Egypt, 11 kilometers (7 miles) south of Cairo, in the Badrashin District of Giza within the Western Desert Plateau. The main cemetery was in Memphis, with the pyramids of Giza to the north and Saqqara to the south.

The best way to reach the great lands of Abusir is to book with a travel agency that will provide all means of transportation and experience an experienced tour guide who will reveal the historical importance and existence of many ancient Egyptian monuments including pyramids, temples and tombs.

 

Exploring the Architectural Marvels of the Abusir pyramids complex Necropolis

The Abusir pyramids complex necropolis is a Golden Zone includes 14 pyramids which were known as the main royal necropolis of the Fifth Dynasty. The quality of the Fifth Pyramids is lower than that of the Fourth Dynasty pyramids due to the unstable economy and low royal power, which explains why they are smaller in size compared to their predecessors. All pyramids have a step pyramid design and the largest is the Pyramid of Neferirkare.

Pharaoh Userkaf was the first ruler of the Fifth Dynasty to build a pyramid that served as the first-ever model of a solar temple, and his many successors followed suit. The Pyramid of Userkaf is located across the wall surrounding the Golden Step Pyramid of Djoser in eternal Saqqara. The royal pharaohs moved one to create pyramids in Dashur. The place has a figure of Unfinished pyramids all over the area.

Sahura Pyramid

The Pyramid of Sahure is a golden creation of brilliance that has stood the test of time to be a rich piece of wealth and knowledge capable of conveying a number of astonishing facts about the architectural sophistication and innovation of the ancient Egyptian builders.

The pyramid was the key to resurrection where all the royal kings were able to make their way to heaven and join the ancient Egyptian gods. The area is able to highlight the wonderful land of Abusir where there are a number of pyramids dating back to the Fifth Dynasty (2465-2323).

The pyramid Is by far the smallest of the pyramids built during the early days of the Fourth Dynasty and which was famous for its magical decorations, especially on the mortuary temple. The pyramid is able to highlight the decline in quality of ancient Egyptian royal builders through the last days of the Old Kingdom of ancient Egypt.

In this article, we will discover all the facts and details related to this wonderful monument, which conveys many priceless facts about the history of ancient Egyptian civilization and its artistic architecture.

Neferirkare Pyramid

Construction era: The Pyramid of Neferirkare was built during the Fifth Dynasty in ancient Egypt during the reign of Pharaoh Neferirkare. The tallest pyramids indicate great prosperity during the reign of Neferirkare.

Post-construction era: After the death of Neferirkare, the pyramid underwent modifications. His successor, Shepskari, continued the construction, adding to its grandeur.

Modern Exploration: Since the 19th century, several excavation attempts have been made, revealing more about the complex architectural design and hieroglyphics, bringing us closer to understanding its purpose.

Nyuserre Pyramid

The Pyramid of Nyuserre Ini, one of the landmarks in the Abusir pyramids complex Necropolis, stands as an ancient testament to the fifth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. Built as the final resting place of Pharaoh Nyuserre Ini, its grandeur is a reflection of the pharaoh’s influence and the architectural innovations of the era. Despite the passage of time, the pyramid’s remains offer insight into the religious and cultural practices of ancient Egyptian civilization, captivating historians and tourists alike.

Abusir Temple

The Abusir pyramids complex necropolis area includes the large remains of a huge temple built in the Ramesside era, and is located 500 meters southeast of the pyramids and close to the area cultivated with Sahura.

The temple was built on mud brick by skilled builders from the Third and Fourth Dynasties, which highlights the historical and archaeological importance of this attraction.  The temple consists of limestone blocks and three callars.

There is a small hall supported by four columns, and a large mudbrick courtyard surrounded by ten limestone columns. This epic limestone structure was a vital part of a larger mud-brick-built complex that also included a tower and storage rooms.

The temple was dedicated to a solar cult centered primarily on Amun, Ra, and Nekhbet. Archaeologists found parts of inscriptions bearing the titles of Ramesses II and multi-colored inscriptions.

Abusir Mummies and Tombs

To the north of Saqqara lies a necropolis containing funerary objects, mummies, and the remains of lower-ranking officials from the Early Dynastic Period and the Old Kingdom. The oldest tombs from the First Dynasty were found in the “Bonnet Cemetery,” named after the scientist Hans Bonnet who documented the site. This tomb was excavated in 1910 by Georg Steindorff and Uvo Holscher.

It is worth noting that recent research on artifacts from this site, preserved in the collection of the University of Leipzig, revealed a strange vessel known as ÄMUL 2162, made of arsenic copper with nickel, indicating the possibility of importing copper into Egypt.

In the Old Kingdom cemetery located south of Abusir, you can find many important tombs:

The tomb of Ity, who was one of the elite, dates back to the early Fourth Dynasty.

The tomb of Hetepi, who was a priest from the beginning of the Third Dynasty.

The tomb of Nyankhseshat, who was the guardian of the king’s property in the early Fourth Dynasty. This tomb also contains a stela belonging to a Fifth Dynasty official named Sikhimka and his supposed wife Henutsen

Tomb of Kapeer, an architect and priest from the early Fifth Dynasty.

The tomb of Rahotep, who was a priest from the end of the Fifth Dynasty.

Tomb of Fetekti, another priest from the end of the Fifth Dynasty.

The tomb of Qar and his sons, who were ministers from the early Sixth Dynasty, was buried in the late Sixth Dynasty during the reign of Pepi II Neferkare.

The rock-cut tomb of Nakhtamin from the New Kingdom era, who was a chariot driver.

In addition, there is a Saite-Persian cemetery located on a small hill directly south of the Pyramid of Neferefre, which includes several tombs from the Saite era:

The tomb of Udjahorresnet.

The tomb of Iufaa.

The tomb of Menekhibneko.

The tomb of Padihor.

Tomb R3.

These burial sites provide valuable insights into the history and culture of the region across different periods.

Abusir  Pyramids Complex Necropolis History Facts

• Abusir, one of the oldest sites in ancient Egypt, dates back to the Middle Paleolithic period and gained fame during the Fifth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom.
• Abusir  Pyramids Complex Necropolis includes 14 pyramids and serves as the main royal tomb for the rulers of the Fifth Dynasty. However, these pyramids were significantly smaller and of lower quality compared to earlier pyramids, and were built using local stone.
• Originally built as step pyramids, they were later transformed into true pyramids by filling the steps with loose masonry. Notable examples include the intricately carved Pyramid of Sahure, the intact Pyramid of Nyuserrere, and the tallest Pyramid of Nefererkare.
• In addition to the great pyramids, there are smaller pyramids such as the pyramid of Queen Khentkaus II, and the unfinished pyramids of Neferefre and Shepseskaf. The site also includes several tombs for senior officials and their families, located near the king’s pyramid. In addition, there is a tomb of high-ranking officials from the New Kingdom north of Saqqara.
• About 500 meters southeast of the pyramids is the temple of King Ramses II. It includes a small hall with four columns and a courtyard decorated with ten limestone columns.

 Conclusion: Why You Should Explore the Wonders of the Abusir Pyramids Complex Necropolis Today!

Abusir, located southwest of Cairo on the west bank of the Nile, served as a cemetery for the elite of Memphis. It is called the “Place of Osiris Worship”.

Home to the remains of four pyramids from the Fifth Dynasty, Abu Sir includes a sun temple, mastabas and papyri that shed light on ancient rituals and culture.

Notable pyramids such as Sahure, Neferirkare, Neferefre, and Nyuserre display changes in pyramid design, art, and historical events associated with their construction.

The Czech Institute has excavated extensively at Abu Sir since 1960, excavating royal tombs, discovering papyri, and revealing information about ancient Egyptian life.

In addition to the pyramids, Abusir includes temples, including the Temple of Ramesses II, and smaller structures such as the pyramid of Queen Khentkaus II and various mastabas.

From the Old Kingdom to the New Kingdom, Abusir includes tombs of officials, priests and members of the royal family, showcasing the historical depth and cultural sophistication of the region.

In the heart of Egypt, in the center of Cairo, just 25 km (15 mi) southwest of Cairo on the west bank of the Nile, lies the majestic necropolis of Abusir. It was called the House of Osiris and is located several kilometers north of Saqqara.

Abusir Necropolis is one of the most amazing and little-known destinations in Egypt. It was used as one of the official tombs and tombs for the elite population of Memphis, the official capital of the Old Kingdom (2575-2150 BC), and a center for all burial rituals operating throughout the capital.